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@#[Abstract] Objective: To explore the role of miR-9-5p in the biological behaviors of breast cancer cells and its possible regulatory mechanism. Methods: online OncomiR database was used to analyze the differential expression of miR-9-5p in breast cancer tissues and normal breast tissues. qPCR was used to detect the miR-9-5p expression in breast cancer cell lines and normal breast cells. Based on target gene prediction software TargetScan, ONECUT2 (one cut homeobox 2) was predicted to be the target gene of miR-9-5p. Dual luciferase reporter system was used to validate the relationship between miR-9-5p and its promising target gene ONECUT2. MDA-231 cells were transfected with miR-9-5p mimic, ONECUT2 siRNAs as well as the corresponding control sequences. The protein and mRNA levels of stemness-associated gene NOTCH1, NANOG and SOX9 (SRY (sex-determing region of Y chromosome) -Box transcription Factor 9) were detected by WB and qPCR. The effect of transfection on proliferation, apoptosis and chemo-resistance of cells was detected by BrdU method, Annexin Ⅴ method and MTS Assay, respectively. The ALDEFLUOR experiment was used to detect the effects of miR-9-5p and its target gene ONECUT2 on tumor stemness. NSG mouse breast cancer chemotherapy model was established, and the in vivo experiments further verified the effect of ONECUT2 on tumor malignant biological behaviors, such as cell stemness and chemo-resistance. Results: miR-9-5p was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues (P=0.007) and breast cancer MDA-231 cell line (P=0.0005), and was positively correlated with the poor prognosis of breast cancer patients (P=0.0016). Compared to control group, miR-9-5p could target and negatively regulate ONECUT2 expression, further increase ALDH+ cell population (P=0.0006), as well as increase the expressions of stemness-associated genes NOTCH1, NANOG and SOX9. Besides, miR-9-5p increased the anti-apoptosis ability (P=0.0003) and chemo-resistance of MDA-231 cells; however, miR-9-5p/ONECUT2 exerted no significant effect on the proliferation ability of MDA-231 cells (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the volume of xenografts in mice of MDA-231/ONECUT2 group after DTX chemotherapy was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the protein expressions of NOTCH1, SOX9 and the mRNA expression of ABC transporter in the transplanted tumor tissues were significantly reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions: The highly expressed miR-9-5p in breast cancer induces tumor stemness and anti-apoptotic ability by targeting ONECUT2 and enhances its resistance to chemotherapy.
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Objective To investigate the spatial distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snail habitats at the administrative village scale in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Hubei Province, so as to provide scientific bases for precise control of O. hupensis snails in the province. Methods Data regarding snail distribution at the village level in Hubei Province in 2017 were collected to create a spatial analysis database of snail distribution in Hubei Province. The spatial aggregations of O. hupensis distribution were analyzed using Moran’s I index and Local Moran’s I index. In addition, the distances from schistosomiasis-endemic villages to the Yangtze River were captured using the software ArcGIS 13.0, and their correlations with area of snail habitats were examined with the Spearman correlation method. Results O. hupensis snails were mainly distributed in 5 450 endemic villages from 63 counties of 13 cities in Hubei Province in 2017. The global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed spatial aggregations in the areas of historically accumulated snail habitats, current areas of snail habitats, areas of snail habitats outside the embankment and snail habitats inside the embankment (all Z Scores > 0, all P values < 0.05), and no spatial aggregation was seen in the areas of snail habitats in hilly areas (Z Score > 0, P > 0.05). There were four types of spatial distribution of historically accumulated areas of snail habitats, areas of current snail habitats, areas of snail habitats outside the embankment and snail habitats inside the embankment, including the high-high type (H-H type), high-low type (H-L type), low-high type (L-H type) and random distribution type, and a high percentage of the H-H type was found. There were 340, 125 and 110 endemic villages with the H-H type of areas of historically accumulated snail habitats, current areas of snail habitats and areas of snail habitats outside the embankment, and these villages were mainly concentrated in Wuhan and Jingzhou cities, with almost consistent spatial aggregation locations. There were 319 endemic villages with the H-H type of distribution of snail habitats inside the embankment, which were mainly distributed in Jingzhou, Xiaogan and Huangshi cities. In addition, the areas of historically accumulated snail habitats, current areas of snail habitats and areas of snail habitats outside the embankment negatively correlated with the distance from the endemic villages to the Yangtze River (r = −0.094, P < 0.01; r = −0.225, P < 0.01; r = −0.177, P < 0.01). Conclusion The clustering areas of snail habitats along the Yangtze River Basin, notably the villages near the Yangtze River are key regions for snail monitoring and control in Hubei Province.
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@#[Abstract] Objective: To explore the relationship between the preoperative blood indicators (platelets, monocytes, neutrophils-to-lymphocyte ratio) and clinicopathological characters and the prognosis of the early stage malignant melanoma（MM）patients. Methods: Clinicopathological data of 120 cases of stage I-III MM patients, who received initial treatment and radical operation in the Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2007 to May 2012, were obtained for this study. The correlations between parameters of PLR (platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio), LMR (lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio), NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio), hemoglobin, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, platelets, lactate dehydrogenase, age, stage as well as ulcer and the prognosis of the patients were evaluated. Results: Patients whose tumor with ulceration have higher NLR and basophilic granulocyte (all P< 0.05）. Univariate analysis showed that NLR, PLR, LMR, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, lactic dehydrogenase, age, stage and ulceration were the risk factors of poor 5-year overall survival (P<0.05). The multivariate analysis identified PLR（HR=4.206， 95%CI:1.65410.696， P<0.01），stage（HR=7.670， 95%CI:3.977-14.795， P<0.01）and ulceration（HR=1.931， 95%CI:1.029-3.623， P<0.05）as independent risk factors for the prognosis of the MM patients. Conclusion: Higher preoperative PLR can be used as a predictive factor for poor prognosis of the early stage MM patients.
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@# Objective: To explore the relationship between monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) in peripheral blood of patients with pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) and their clinicopathological features and prognosis, and to investigate its clinical significance. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out to analyze the complete case data of 80 patients with PSC from October 2010 to April 2017 in Tianjin Cancer Hospital (monocyte and lymphocyte counts of peripheral blood, clinicopathological features, and survival follow-up). The receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to determine the best cut-off value of MLR for the prediction of overall survival time (OS). The patients were divided into high MLR group and low MLR group. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate OS and draw survival curves. The Log-Rank test was used to compare the difference in OS between the two groups. The variables with statistical significance in univariate analysis were included into the COX risk regression model to verify and calculate thehazard ratio (HR)and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results: The absolute median values of monocytes and lymphocytes were 0.63×109/L and 1.84×109/L, respectively. The best cut-off value of MLR is 0.44. Univariate analysis shows that MLR≥0.44 (P<0.01), no radical surgery (P<0.01), clinical stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ (P<0.01), tumor maximal diameter > 3 cm (P<0.01), and LDH>247 U /L (P<0.01) are the poor prognostic factors affecting overall survival. Multivariate analysis shows that MLR≥0.44（HR=3.554; 95%CI=1.671-6.125; P<0.01), and clinical stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ（HR=3.275; 95%CI=2.047-9.399; P<0.01) are the independent risk factors for the overall survival of PSC, and radical surgery is an independent protective factor affecting the overall survival of PSC（HR=0.360; 95%CI=0.195-0.848; P<0.01). Conclusion: High MLR is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with PSC.
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Objective To explore the difference of hand hygiene requirement between guide-line of skill practice for national examinations of doctors' qualification(clinical practitioners) and stan-dard for hand hygiene for healthcare workers in health care settings for some sterile techniques. Methods Eight sterile techniques in guideline of skill practice for national examinations of doctors' qualification(clinical practitioners) such as changing a dress and taking out stitches, aspiration, ure-thral catheterization, arteriovenous puncture, thoracentesis, abdominal puncture, lumbar puncture and bone marrow puncture were chosen and the results were compared with standard for hand hygiene for healthcare workers in health care settings. Results Three of eight sterile technics mentioned hand-washing, six of eight mentioned wearing sterile gloves, and zero of eight mentioned antiseptic han-drubbing; however, only one of six (16.67%) before wearing sterile gloves mentioned handwashing. Conclusion The requests of hand hygiene between guideline of skill practice for national examina-tions of doctors' qualification (clinical practitioners) and standard for hand hygiene for healthcare workers in healthcare settings are not concordant , which from the root leads to the inconsistence of doctors' learning at different stages of education and training . It is suggested that the examination organization departments should refer to the relevant provisions of the state in the preparation of guidelines, and regulate medical practice behavior with consistent standards.